Mapurojekiti matsva muindasitiri yemafuta negesi muRussia, kusanganisira ari paArctic shelf, anovimbisa kukura kuri kuramba kuchiita musika wemuno wezvipfeko zvinodzivirira ngura.
Denda reCOVID-19 raunza kukanganisa kukuru, asi kwenguva pfupi pamusika wepasi rose wemahydrocarbons. Muna Kubvumbi 2020, kudiwa kwemafuta pasi rose kwakaderera zvikuru kubvira muna 1995, zvichideredza mutengo wemafuta asina kubikwa eBrent kusvika pamadhora makumi maviri nemasere pabhareri mushure mekukwira nekukurumidza kwemafuta akawandisa.
Pane imwe nguva, mutengo wemafuta ekuAmerica wakatoderera kekutanga munhoroondo. Zvisinei, zviitiko izvi zvinoshamisa zvinoita sezvisingamisi mabasa eindasitiri yemafuta negesi yeRussia, sezvo kudiwa kwemahydrocarbon pasi rose kuri kutarisirwa kukwira nekukurumidza.
Semuenzaniso, IEA inotarisira kuti kudiwa kwemafuta kuchadzokera padanho risati rasvika dambudziko nekukurumidza muna 2022. Kukura kwekuda kwemafuta - kunyangwe kudzikira kukuru muna 2020 - kunofanira kudzoka munguva refu, kusvika pamwero wakati, nekuda kwekukurumidzisa kuchinjana kwemagetsi kubva kumalahle kuenda kumagasi pasi rose.
Makambani makuru ekuRussia, Lukoil, Novatek naRosneft, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine hurongwa hwekutanga mapurojekiti matsva munharaunda yekuchera mafuta negasi panyika nepaArctic. Hurumende yeRussia inoona kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzayo dzekuchengetedza mafuta muArctic kuburikidza neLNG sepfungwa huru yeEnergy Strategy yayo kusvika mugore ra2035.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kudiwa kweRussia kwezvipfeko zvinodzivirira ngura kunewo fungidziro yakajeka. Kutengeswa kwese muchikamu ichi kwakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemasere nehafu emadhora muna 2018 ($250 miriyoni), zvichienderana nekutsvagurudza kwakaitwa nesangano rekufunga reDiscovery Research Group riri muMoscow. Zvipfeko zve7.1 bhiriyoni ($90 miriyoni) zvakapinzwa muRussia, kunyangwe zvinhu zvinopinzwa muchikamu ichi zvichiderera, sekureva kwevaongorori.
Imwe kambani inopa mazano iri muMoscow, Concept-Center, yakafungidzira kuti kutengeswa pamusika kwaisvika pakati pematani 25,000 ne30,000 kana tichitarisa mamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, muna 2016, musika wekushandisa machira ekudzivirira ngura muRussia waifungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni 2.6 ($42 miriyoni). Musika uyu unofungidzirwa kuti uri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore apfuura neavhareji ye2 kusvika ku3 muzana pagore.
Vatori vechikamu mumusika vanoratidza chivimbo chekuti kudiwa kwemachira muchikamu chino kuchawedzera mumakore anotevera, kunyangwe hazvo kukanganisa kwedenda reCOVID-19 kusati kwadzikira.
"Sekureva kwedu, kudiwa kuchawedzera zvishoma [mumakore anotevera]. Indasitiri yemafuta negasi inoda machira anodzivirira ngura, anodzivirira kupisa, anodzivirira moto uye mamwe marudzi ejira kuti iite mapurojekiti matsva. Panguva imwe chete, kudiwa kuri kuchinja kuenda kumachira ane jira rimwe chete. Ehe, munhu haagoni kufuratira mhedzisiro yedenda re coronavirus, iro, nenzira, risati rapera," akadaro Maxim Dubrovsky, mukuru wemugadziri wezvejira wekuRussia Akrus. "Pasi pekufungidzira kusina tariro, kuvaka [muindasitiri yemafuta negasi] kungasafamba nekukurumidza sezvakarongwa kare.
Hurumende iri kutora matanho ekukurudzira mari yekudyara uye kusvika padanho rakarongwa rekuvaka.
Makwikwi asingabhadhariswe
Sekureva kweIndustrial Coatings, kune vatambi vanosvika makumi matatu mumusika weRussia wekudzivirira ngura, uye vatambi vekunze vanotungamira ndiHempel, Jotun, International Protective Coatings, Steelpaint, PPG Industries, Permatex, Teknos, pakati pevamwe.
Vatengesi vakuru vekuRussia ndiAkrus, VMP, Russian Paints, Empils, Moscow Chemical Plant, ZM Volga naRaduga.
Mumakore mashanu apfuura, mamwe makambani asiri eRussia, anosanganisira Jotun, Hempel naPPG, akagadzira machira ekudzivirira ngura muRussia. Pane chikonzero chakajeka chehupfumi chiri shure kwechisarudzo chakadaro. Nguva yekudzoserwa kwemari yekutanga machira matsva ekudzivirira ngura mumusika weRussia iri pakati pemakore matatu kusvika mashanu, Azamat Gareev, mukuru weZIT Rossilber, anofungidzira.
Sekureva kweIndustrial Coatings, chikamu ichi chemusika weRussia coatings chinogona kutsanangurwa seoligopsony - chimiro chemusika umo nhamba yevatengi iri shoma. Kusiyana neizvi, nhamba yevatengesi yakakura. Mutengi wese wekuRussia ane zvinodiwa zvake zvemukati zvakasimba, vatengesi vanofanira kutevedzera. Musiyano uripo pakati pezvinodiwa nevatengi unogona kunge wakakura.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, ichi chimwe chezvikamu zvishoma zveindasitiri yeRussia yekupenda, uko mutengo wacho usiri pakati pezvinhu zvikuru zvinosarudza kudiwa.
Semuenzaniso, Rosneft yakabvumidza mhando 224 dzemachira anodzivirira ngura, zvichienderana nerejista yekuRussia yevatengesi vemachira emafuta negasi. Kana tichienzanisa, Gazprom yakabvumidza machira makumi mashanu nemashanu uye Transneft makumi matatu nemana chete.
Mune zvimwe zvikamu, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika hwakakwira zvikuru. Semuenzaniso, makambani ekuRussia anopinza zvinhu zvinosvika 80 muzana zvemachira ekugadzira mapurojekiti ekunze kwenyika.
Makwikwi ari pamusika weRussia ekudzivirira ngura akasimba zvikuru, akadaro Dmitry Smirnov, mukuru weMoscow Chemical Plant. Izvi zvinoita kuti kambani irambe ichifambirana nekudiwa uye kutanga kugadzirwa kwemitsetse mitsva yekudzivirira ngura makore maviri ega ega. Kambani iyi iri kushandisawo nzvimbo dzebasa, ichidzora kushandiswa kwekudzivirira ngura, akawedzera.
"Makambani ekugadzira machira ekuRussia ane simba rakakwana rekuwedzera kugadzirwa, izvo zvingaderedza kupinzwa kwenyika. Machira mazhinji ekugadzira machira emakambani emafuta negesi, kusanganisira ayo ekugadzira mapurojekiti ekunze kwenyika, anogadzirwa mumafekitori ekuRussia. Mazuva ano, kuti mamiriro ehupfumi ave nani, kune nyika dzese, zvakakosha kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvavanogadzira," akadaro Dubrobsky.
Kushomeka kwezvinhu zvekugadzira machira ekudzivirira ngura kuri pakati pezvinhu zvinotadzisa makambani ekuRussia kuwedzera mugove wavo pamusika, Industrial Coatings yakashuma, ichipa vaongorori vemusika wemuno. Semuenzaniso, kune kushomeka kwema-isocyanates e-aliphatic, epoxy resins, zinc dust nedzimwe pigments.
"Indasitiri yemakemikari inonyanya kuvimba nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye inonyatsoona mitengo yazvo. Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva muRussia uye kutsiva zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kune mafambiro akanaka panyaya yekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuindasitiri yezvokuputira," akadaro Dubrobsky.
"Zvakakosha kuwedzera kugona kuti tikwikwidzane, semuenzaniso, nevatengesi vekuAsia. Mafiller, pigments, resins, kunyanya alkyd ne epoxy, zvino zvinogona kutengwa kubva kuvagadziri vekuRussia. Musika we isocyanate hardeners uye functional additives unonyanya kuwanikwa kubva kunze kwenyika. Kugona kwekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwedu kwezvikamu izvi kunofanirwa kukurukurwa padanho rehurumende."
Mapendi emapurojekiti ekunze kwenyika ari kutariswa zvakanyanya
Chirongwa chekutanga cheRussia chekunze kwenyika chaive chePrirazlomnaya offshore inogadzira mafuta isingapindi muchando muGungwa rePechora, kumaodzanyemba kweNovaya Zemlya. Gazprom yakasarudza Chartek 7 kubva kuInternational Paint Ltd. Kambani iyi inonzi yakatenga machira ekudzivirira ngura e350,000 kg ekudzivirira ngura papuratifomu iyi.
Imwe kambani yemafuta yekuRussia inonzi Lukoil yave ichishanda nepuratifomu yeKorchagin kubvira muna 2010 uye puratifomu yePhilanovskoe kubvira muna 2018, zvose zviri muGungwa reCaspian.
Jotun akapa machira ekudzivirira ngura pachirongwa chekutanga uye Hempel pachirongwa chechipiri. Muchikamu chino, zvinodiwa zvemachira zvakanyanya kuomarara, sezvo kugadziridzwa kwegweta remachira pasi pemvura kusingagoneke.
Kudiwa kwezvipfeko zvinodzivirira ngura zvechikamu chegungwa kwakabatana neramangwana reindasitiri yemafuta negasi yepasi rose. Russia ine chikamu chinosvika 80 muzana chezviwanikwa zvemafuta negasi zvakavigwa pasi peArctic shelf uye nzvimbo zhinji dzakaongororwa.
Kana tichienzanisa, US ine 10 muzana chete yezviwanikwa zvakachengetwa, ichiteverwa neCanada, Denmark, Greenland neNorway, izvo zvinogovanisa gumi muzana yasara pakati padzo. Matura emafuta anofungidzirwa kuti akachengetwa muRussia ari kunze kwenyika anosvika mabhiriyoni mashanu ematani emafuta akaenzana. Norway iri panzvimbo yechipiri iri kure nemamiriyoni emamiriyoni emafuta akachengetwa.
"Asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei - zvehupfumi nezvezvakatipoteredza - zviwanikwa izvozvo zvinogona kusawanikwa," akadaro Anna Kireeva, muongorori wesangano rekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza reBellona. "Zvichienderana nefungidziro dzakawanda, kudiwa kwemafuta pasi rose kunogona kudzikira mumakore mana kubva zvino, muna 2023. Mari huru dzekudyara dzehurumende dzakavakirwa pamafuta dziri kudererawo kubva mukudyara muchikamu chemafuta - danho rinogona kukurudzira kuchinja kwemari yepasi rose kubva mumafuta epasi sezvo hurumende nevanoisa mari mumasangano vachiisa mari musimba rinogona kuvandudzwa."
Panguva imwe chete, kushandiswa kwegasi rechisikigo kunotarisirwa kuwedzera mumakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu anotevera - uye gasi rinoumba chikamu chikuru chezviwanikwa zveRussia kwete chete paArctic shelf asiwo panyika. Mutungamiriri wenyika Vladimir Putin akati ane chinangwa chekuita kuti Russia ive mutengesi mukuru wegasi rechisikigo pasi rose - mukana usingatarisirwi tichifunga nezvemakwikwi eMoscow kubva kuMiddle East, Kireeva akawedzera.
Zvisinei, makambani emafuta ekuRussia akati chirongwa chesherufu chingangove chiri remangwana reindasitiri yemafuta negasi yekuRussia.
Imwe yenzvimbo huru dzeRosneft ndeyekuvandudza zviwanikwa zvehydrocarbon pasherufu yekondinendi, kambani yakadaro.
Nhasi uno, apo minda yemafuta negesi yakawanda inowanikwa uye inovandudzwa, uye apo matekinoroji nekugadzirwa kwemafuta eshale zviri kukura nekukurumidza, chokwadi chekuti ramangwana rekugadzirwa kwemafuta epasi rose riri pasherufu yepasi rose yeGungwa rePasi rose harirambike, Rosneft akadaro mumashoko ake pawebhusaiti yake. Sherufu yeRussia ine nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo pasi rose: Inopfuura makiromita mamiriyoni matanhatu uye Rosneft ndiyo ine marezinesi akawanda esherufu yepasi rose yeRussia, kambani yakawedzera.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-17-2024
