Saizi yeMusika wePolymer Resin yaikosheswa pamadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu nemanomwe nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu ($157.6 Bhiriyoni) muna 2023. Indasitiri yePolymer Resin inotarisirwa kukura kubva pamadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu nematatu nematanhatu ($163.6 Bhiriyoni) muna 2024 kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe nemasere nemakumi manomwe nemanomwe ($278.7 Bhiriyoni) muna 2032, zvichiratidza huwandu hwekuwedzera kwegore negore (CAGR) hwe6.9% panguva yekufanotaura (2024 - 2032). Chinhu chakafanana neresin dzemiti dzinowanikwa muindasitiri iresin dzakaita sepolymer resin, resin yepolymer inotangawo semvura inonamira, inonamira iyo inooma zvachose mushure mekuratidzwa nemhepo kwenguva yakatarwa. Kazhinji, mapolymer anoisa thermosetting nemamwe macompounds eorganic anosipwa kuti agadzire. Mafuta ehydrocarbon anosanganisira gasi rechisikigo, mafuta asina kuchena, marasha, munyu, nejecha anoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekutanga zvepolymer resin. Vagadziri vezvinhu zvisina kuchena vanoshandura zvinhu zvepakati kuita mapolymer nemaresini uye vagadziri vanoshandura zvinhu izvi kuita zvinhu zvakapedzwa vanoumba zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zveindasitiri yepolymer resin. Vatengesi vezvinhu zvakagadziriswa vanoshandisa resin intermediate kana monomer ine imwe yemaitiro epolymerization kugadzira mapolymers asina kugadzirwa. Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvepolymer zvinowanzogadzirwa uye zvinotengeswa muchimiro chemvura cheglues, sealants, uye resin, kunyangwe zvichigonawo kutengwa zvakawanda semapellets, powders, granules, kana sheets. Chinhu chikuru chinobva mapolymer precursors ioiri, kana crude petroleum. Ma processors anowanzo shandisa matekiniki ekupwanya kushandura petroleum hydrocarbons kuita polymerizable alkenes senge ethylene, propylene, uye butylene.
Maitiro eMusika wePolymer Resin
MaResins ePolymer Akavakirwa paBio-Based Anowedzera Kushanda Semhinduro Dzekurongedza Dzinogarika
Mapurasitiki epurasitiki akagadzirwa nebio-based ave mhinduro yakakurumbira yekugadzirisa kushushikana kuri kuramba kuchikwira pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mhedzisiro yakaipa yekurongedza kwepurasitiki yechinyakare. Nekuwedzera kweruzivo rwekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki uye mhedzisiro yayo yakaipa pazvakatipoteredza, vatengi, mabhizinesi, nehurumende vari kuramba vachigamuchira mapurasitiki epurasitiki akagadzirwa nebio-based senzira yekuchengetedza zvivakwa. Maitiro aya anotungamirwa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoratidza zvakanakira uye mukana wemapurasitiki epolymer akagadzirwa nebio-based mukushandura indasitiri yekurongedza kuenda kune ramangwana rakagadzikana. Mapurasitiki echinyakare akagadzirwa nepetroleum ave ari sarudzo huru yekurongedza nekuda kwekushandisa kwawo mari shoma, kushanduka-shanduka, uye kugara kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, kusaora kwavo uye kugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo yakakomberedza zvakakonzera kuunganidzwa kukuru kwemarara epurasitiki, zvichikonzera njodzi huru kuhupenyu hwemugungwa, mhuka dzesango, uye hutano hwevanhu. Kusiyana neizvi, mapurasitiki epolymer akagadzirwa nebio-based anobva kuzvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve senge zvirimwa, algae, kana marara biomass, zvichipa nzira yekuderedza kuvimba nemafuta efossil uye kuderedza carbon footprint inobatanidzwa nekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki.
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvema "bio-based polymer resins" ndechekuti anogona kuora uye anogona kugadzirwa. Mapurasitiki echinyakare anogona kutora mazana emakore kuti aore, nepo dzimwe nzira dze "bio-based" dzinogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu munguva pfupi. Hunhu uhwu hunovimbisa kuti "bio-based"zvinhu zvekurongedzahazvigari munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza, zvichideredza njodzi yekusvibiswa nekukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, ma polymer resins anogadzirwa ne bio-based polymer resins anogona kupfumisa ivhu sezvaanoora, zvichibatsira pakuita kuti marara arambe achitenderera uye achigadziriswazve. Uyezve, kugadzirwa kwema polymer resins akagadzirwa ne bio-based polymer resins kunowanzo sanganisira kuburitsa magasi ekupisa pasi pevhu zvishoma zvichienzaniswa nemafuta akagadzirwa ne petroleum. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabhizinesi nemaindasitiri ari kutsvaga kuderedza simba re kabhoni ari kushandisa dzimwe nzira dze bio-based senzira inoshanda yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvekuchengetedza. Uyezve, mamwe ma polymer akagadzirwa ne bio-based anogona kutotora kabhoni panguva yekukura kwawo, zvichiita kuti ave zvinhu zvisina kabhoni uye zvichibatsira mukuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nekuvandudza zvinhu kwakavandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro uye mashandiro emapolymer resins ane bio-based. Vagadziri vava kukwanisa kugadzirisa hunhu hwezvinhu izvi kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurongedza, zvakaita sekuchinjika, hunhu hwezvipingamupinyi, uye simba. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mapolymer resins ane bio-based ari kuwana mashandisirwo akawanda mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira chikafu nezvinwiwa, zvizoro, mishonga, nezvimwewo. Mitemo nehurongwa hwehurumende zvakaitawo basa guru mukukurudzira kugamuchirwa kwemapolymer resins ane bio-based. Nyika zhinji nenzvimbo dzakaisa matanho ekurambidza kana kurambidza zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoshandiswa kamwe chete, zvichikurudzira mabhizinesi kuti atsvage dzimwe nzira dzinogara kwenguva refu. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende dzinogona kupa zvinokurudzira kana rubatsiro rwekusimudzira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine bio-based, zvichikurudzira kukura kwemusika.
Kuchinja kuenda kuma polymer resins ane bio-based kwave nematambudziko, zvisinei. Pasinei nekufambira mberi kwakaitwa mukutsvagisa nekugadzira, zvinhu zvine bio-based zvinogona kuramba zvichine zvipingamupinyi maererano nemutengo uye kukura. Maitiro ekugadzira mamwe ma resins ane bio-based anogona kuda zviwanikwa zvakawanda, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwawo pamutengo zvichienzaniswa nemapurasitiki echinyakare. Zvisinei, sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi uye kudiwa kuri kuwedzera, hupfumi hwenzvimbo hunogona kudzikisa mitengo uye kuita kuti ma polymer resins ane bio-based ave nemakwikwi.
Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwema polymer resins akavakirwa pa bio-based semhinduro dzema packaging dzinogara kwenguva refu kunoratidza danho rakakosha rekuderedza kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki nekuvaka nzanga ine hanya nezvakatipoteredza. Nekuora kwazvo, kuderera kwekabhoni, uye kuwedzera kugona kwekushanda, zvinhu izvi zvinopa imwe nzira inokwezva kune mapurasitiki echinyakare akavakirwa pa petroleum. Sezvo mabhizinesi, vatengi, nehurumende vachinyanya kukoshesa kugara kwenguva refu, musika we polymer resins akavakirwa pa bio-based wakagadzirira kukura zvakanyanya, zvichisimudzira hupfumi hwakatenderera uko marara ekurongedza anoderedzwa, uye zviwanikwa zvichishandiswa zvinobudirira. Nekugamuchira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa pa bio-based, indasitiri yekurongedza inogona kuita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza pasi rose kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Ruzivo rweMusika wePolymer Resin
Musika wePolymer Resin neResin Type Insights
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe resin, chikamu chemusika chePolymer Resin chinosanganisira polystyrene, polyethylene,polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene inowedzerwa, nezvimwewo. Chigadzirwa chinonyanya kufarirwa pamusika wepolymer resin ipolyethylene. Chinonyanya kufarirwa mumaindasitiri akati wandei nekuda kwekugona kwaro kuchinjika, kuomarara, uye kukwanisika kutenga. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda, zvakaita sezvinhu zvekurongedza, mabhegi epurasitiki, midziyo, mapaipi, matoyi, uye zvikamu zvemotokari, zvinoshandisa polyethylene. Kushandiswa kwaro kwakakura kunobatsirwa nekusagona kwaro kushandisa makemikari zvakanyanya, kunyorova kwaro, uye nyore kwekugadzirwa kwaro. Kunowedzera kuvandudza kugona kwaro kuchinjika uye kukwezva kwekutengeserana kune marudzi aro akasiyana-siyana, akadai sehigh-density polyethylene (HDPE) uye low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ayo anopa hunhu hwakakosha hwekushandisa.
Musika wePolymer Resin neChikumbiro
Kupatsanurwa kwemusika wePolymer Resin, zvichibva pakushandiswa, kunosanganisira magetsi nemagetsi, kuvaka, zvekurapa, zvemotokari, zvevatengi, zvemaindasitiri, zvekurongedza, nezvimwe. Kurongedza ndiko kushandiswa kunonyanya kushandiswa kwakabatana nemusika wepolymer resin. Mapolymer resin, anosanganisira polyethylene, polypropylene, uye polystyrene, anowanzo shandiswa muzvinhu zvekurongedza. Akanakira kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekurongedza nekuda kwehunhu hwawo hwepamusoro, kusanganisira kusimba, kuchinjika, uye kuramba hunyoro. Mapolymer resin ndiwo anonyanya kusarudzwa pakurongedza mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira kurongedza chikafu nezvinwiwa, mishonga, zvinhu zvevatengi, uye zvinhu zvemaindasitiri. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti anogona kufukidza nekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinobudirira, haadhuri, uye anogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemapakeji nemagadzirirwo.
Musika wePolymer Resin Munharaunda
Nenzvimbo, chidzidzo ichi chinopa ruzivo rwemusika kuNorth America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, nedzimwe nyika. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo yeAsia Pacific yakaona kuwedzera kukuru uye kutonga kwemusika. Ndiyo musha wenzvimbo dzakakosha dzemaindasitiri dzakadai seChina, India, Japan, neSouth Korea, uko zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nepolymer resin zviri kudiwa zvikuru mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Uyezve, nyika huru dzakadzidzwa mumusika iUS, Canada, German, France, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, neBrazil.
Musika wePolymer Resin Vatambi Vakakosha Mumusika & Ruzivo Rwemakwikwi
Vatengesi vazhinji vemudunhu nevemunharaunda vanoratidza polymer resin, musika une makwikwi makuru, nevatambi vese vachikwikwidzana kuti vawane mugove wepamusoro pamusika. Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwepolymer resin mumapakeji nemafuta negasi kuri kuwedzera kutengeswa kwepolymer resin. Vatengesi vanokwikwidzana zvichienderana nemutengo, mhando yechigadzirwa, uye kuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Vatengesi vanofanirwa kupa Polymer resin inodhura uye yepamusoro-soro kuti vakwikwidzane mumusika.
Kukura kwemakambani pamusika kunoenderana nemamiriro emusika nemamiriro ehupfumi, mitemo yehurumende, uye kukura kwemaindasitiri. Saka, makambani aya anofanira kutarisa pakuwedzera kugona kwavo kugadzira zvinhu kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa uye kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvavo. Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, uye Exxon Mobil Corporation ndiwo makambani makuru ari mumusika parizvino ari kukwikwidzana maererano nemhando, mutengo, uye kuwanikwa. Makambani aya ari kunyanya kutarisa pakugadzirwa kwepolymer resin. Kunyangwe makambani epasi rose ari kutonga pamusika, makambani emunharaunda nevemuno vane migove midiki yemusika vanewo kuvapo kuri pakati nepakati. Makambani epasi rose ane kuvapo pasi rose, ane mayuniti ekugadzira kana mahofisi ekutengesa, asimbisa kuvapo kwavo munzvimbo huru dzakadai seNorth America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, uye Middle East & Africa.
Borealis AG: inotungamira mukugadzirazve polyolefin muEurope uye ndeimwe yemakambani makuru pasi rose anopa mhinduro dzepolyolefin dzemazuva ano uye dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda. Kambani iyi ndiyo inonyanya kutengeserana nemakemikari nefetereza muEurope. Kambani iyi yakazviitira mukurumbira semubatsiri webhizinesi akavimbika uye chiratidzo chinozivikanwa pasi rose chinoramba chichiwedzera kukosha kune vadyidzani vayo, vatengi, nevatengi. Kambani iyi ikambani yemubatanidzwa pakati peOMV, bhizinesi repasi rose remafuta negesi rine muzinda muAustria, rine 75% yemasheya, neAbu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC), rine muzinda muUnited Arab Emirates (UAE), rine 25% yasara Kuburikidza neBorealis nemabhizinesi maviri akakosha, Borouge (neADNOC, iri muUAE) neBaystarTM (neTotalEnergies, iri muUS), inopa masevhisi nezvinhu kune vatengi pasi rese.
Kambani iyi ine nzvimbo dzekushandira vatengi muAustria, Belgium, Finland, France, Turkey, United States. Midziyo yekugadzira iri muAustria, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, The Netherlands, United States, uye nzvimbo dzekuvandudza zvinhu dziri muAustria, Finland, neSweden. Kambani iyi inoshanda munzvimbo dzinosvika zana nemakumi maviri muEurope, North America, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, neAfrica.
BASF SE:ndeimwe yemakambani anotungamira mukugadzira makemikari pasi rose. Kambani iyi inotungamira mukusimudzira shanduko yekubvisa CO2 isina kuburitsa zvinhu nehurongwa hwakakwana hwekugadzirisa kabhoni. Ine hunyanzvi hwakasimba hunoshandisa tekinoroji yakasiyana-siyana kupa mhinduro kumaindasitiri akasiyana evatengi uye kusimudzira kugadzirwa. Kambani iyi inoshanda nemakambani matanhatu: zvinhu, mhinduro dzemaindasitiri, makemikari, matekinoroji epamusoro, mhinduro dzekurima, uye hutano nekudya. Inopa ma polymer resin muzvikamu zvese zvinosanganisira kurongedza & chikamu chemafuta negesi. Kambani iyi inoshanda nemakambani gumi nerimwe anotarisira mayuniti makumi mashanu nemana ebhizinesi repasi rose neredunhu uye inovandudza mazano emabhizinesi makumi manomwe nemaviri ehurongwa. BASF inoratidza kuvapo kwayo munyika makumi masere uye inoshanda kuburikidza nenzvimbo nhanhatu dzeVerbund, dzinobatanidza mashandiro emafekitori ekugadzira, kuyerera kwesimba, uye zvivakwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Ine mayuniti ekugadzira angangoita mazana maviri nemakumi mana pasi rese anosanganisira Ludwigshafen, Germany, iyo yakakura kwazvo pasi rose makemikari akabatanidzwa ane kambani imwe chete. BASF inoshanda zvakanyanya muEurope uye ine kuvapo kunoshanda muAmerica, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa. Inoshandira vatengi vanosvika zviuru makumi masere nezviviri kubva kuzvikamu zvese pasi rose.
Makambani Akakosha muMusika wePolymer Resin anosanganisira.
●Borealis AG
●BASF SE
●Evonik Industries AG
●LyondellBasell Industries NV
●Shell Plc
●Solvay
●MaPolymers eRoto
●Kambani yeDow Chemical
●Nan Ya Plastics Corp
●Saudhi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation
●Kambani yeCelanese
●Boka reINEOS
●Exxon Mobil Corporation
Kuvandudzwa kweIndasitiri yeMusika wePolymer Resin
Chivabvu 2023: LyondellBasell naVeolia Belgium vakaumba mubatanidzwa (JV) weQuality Circular Polymers (QCP) inodzokorodza mapurasitiki. Zvichienderana nechibvumirano, LyondellBasell ichatenga chikamu che50% cheVeolia Belgium muQCP kuti ive muridzi wega wekambani. Kutenga uku kunoenderana nehurongwa hwaLyondellBasell hwekuvaka kambani inobudirira yehupfumi hwedenderedzwa uye ine mhinduro dzisina kabhoni yakawanda kuitira kugadzirisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwezvinhu nemasevhisi asingakuvadzi nharaunda.
Kurume 2023, LyondellBasell neMepol Group vakanga vapinda muchibvumirano chekutenga Mepol Group. Kutengwa uku kunoratidza kuzvipira kwaLyondellBasell mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika.
Mbudzi-2022: Shell Chemical Appalachia LLC, kambani iri pasi peShell plc, yakazivisa kuti Shell Polymers Monaca (SPM), chirongwa chePennsylvania Chemical, chatanga kushanda. Fekitori yePennsylvania, ine chinangwa chekugadzira matani mamiriyoni 1.6 pagore, ndiyo yekutanga kambani huru yekugadzira polyethylene muNorth-East United States.
Chivabvu 2024:Nekutanga kwefekitori yayo yekutanga yekuUS yekugadzira mapurasitiki eEC uye mamasterbatches, Premix Oy ikozvino yatanga hofisi muUnited States zviri pamutemo. Vatauriri vekambani iyi vanotarisira kuti fekitori iyi yekuwedzera ichabvumira "vatengi kushandisa zvinhu zvinobva kumakondinendi maviri evagadziri vedu vemhando yepamusoro. Semutengi wePremix muUS, muchabatsirwa nezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi akagadzirwa munharaunda, izvo zvichavimbisa nguva pfupi yekutungamira uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya kwekupa. Mubvunzurudzo, vakati vashandi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matatu nevashanu vachatorwa basa kana fekitori iri kutaurwa nezvayo ichitarisirwa kushanda pakupera kwekota yekutanga ya2025. Vakashandisa matray ezvikamu zveESD mumabhokisi efoam, macrates, uye mapallets. Makomichi aya anogona kushandiswa mumatray ezvikamu zveESD, mumafoam emapacking akawanda, mabhokisi, macrates uye mapallets. Nhasi, kushanda muFinland kune kugona kusanganisa akasiyana-siyana emapolymers ebase akadai seABS, polycarbonate, blends yePC/ABS, nylon 6, PBT uye thermoplastic elastomers TPES uye thermoplastic polyurethanes TPUs.
Nyamavhuvhu 2024:Resin itsva isina kuzadzwa, yakagadziriswa polybutylene terephthalate resin yava kuwanikwa kubva kuPolymer Resources, kambani yeUS inosanganisa maresin einjiniya. Resin yeTP-FR-IM3 inogona kushandiswa pakushandiswa kwemagetsi mumamiriro ekunze akadai sekunze, kunze uye mukati. Inokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze, simba rekukanganisa, kuramba makemikari uye kunonoka kwemurazvo. Tagheuer anoti yakagamuchira chitupa chemavara ese pasi peUL743C F1. Inosanganawo neUL94 V0 uye UL94 5VA zviyero zvekudzora murazvo kana wakakora 1.5 mm (.06 inches) uye inopa mamwe maitiro akasiyana-siyana akadai sesimba rekukanganisa, kuramba magetsi zvakanyanya, simba rekuchinjika uye kurasikirwa ne dielectric shoma. Iyi mhando itsva inoenderanawo neUL F1 yemavara ese pakushandiswa kwekunze uye inokwanisa kutsungirira huswa hwakakura nebindu, mota uye makemikari ekuchenesa.
Kupatsanurwa kweMusika wePolymer Resin Maonero eMusika wePolymer Resin Rudzi rweResin
●Polystyrene
●Polyethylene
●Polyvinyl Chloride
●Polypropylene
●Polystyrene Inowedzera Kuwedzerwa
● Zvimwe
Maonero Ekushandisa Musika wePolymer Resin
●Magetsi & Zvemagetsi
●Kuvaka
● Zvekurapa
●Motokari
●Mutengi
●Maindasitiri
●Kurongedza
● Zvimwe
Maonero eDunhu reMusika wePolymer Resin
●North America
oUS
oCanada
●Europe
oGermany
oFrance
oUK
oItari
oSpain
dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope
●Asia-Pacific
oChina
oJapan
oIndia
oAustralia
oSouth Korea
oAustralia
oZororo reAsia-Pacific
●Middle East neAfrica
oSaudi Arabia
oUAE
oSouth Africa
Mamwe mativi eMiddle East neAfrica
●Latin America
oBrazil
oArgentina
mamwe matunhu eLatin America
| Hunhu/Metric | Zvidimbu |
| Saizi yeMusika 2023 | Mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu nenomwe nemakumi matanhatu emadhora ($157.6 bhiriyoni) |
| Saizi yeMusika 2024 | Mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu nematatu nenhanhatu emadhora ($163.6 bhiriyoni) |
| Saizi yeMusika 2032 | Mabhiriyoni emadhora mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe nemasere nemakumi manomwe ($278.7 bhiriyoni) |
| Mwero weKukura Kwegore Negore (CAGR) | 6.9% (2024-2032) |
| Gore Rekutanga | 2023 |
| Nguva Yekufanotaura | 2024-2032 |
| Ruzivo Rwenhoroondo | 2019 na2022 |
| Zviyero zveMafungiro Ekufanotaura | Kukosha (USD Bhiriyoni) |
| Kufukidzwa kweMishumo | Kufanotaura Mari Inowanikwa, Mamiriro Emakwikwi, Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Kukura, uye Maitiro |
| Zvikamu Zvakafukidzwa | Rudzi rweResin, mashandisirwo, uye Dunhu |
| Nzvimbo Dzakafukidzwa | North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, uye Latin America |
| Nyika Dzakafukidzwa | US, Canada, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Argentina, |
| Makambani Akakosha Akatsanangurwa | Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, uye Exxon Mobil Corporation |
| Mikana Yemusika Unokosha | · Kuwedzera Kugamuchirwa kwePolymers Dzinoora |
| Maitiro Akakosha Emusika | · Kuwedzera Kweindasitiri yeOiri neGasi · Kukura Kunokosha kweIndasitiri yeKurongedza |
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-16-2025

